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1、Chinas Festivals Task Lead-in Traditional Festivals of China in Profile Important Chinese Festivals Festivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples Simulated Practice for tour guides Related Materials Sum-up Task Lead-in Task 2: What information and expression do you think are needed when you introduce the fes
2、tival in China ? You can present your questions in Chinese and give a question list1. Task 3: Please discuss what questions the tourists may ask to a tour guide and give a question list2. Task 1: Please introduce what you have seen from video in English as a tour guide. Traditional Chinese Festival
3、Introduction of Chinas Festivals in Profile Difficult Words and Expressions Related information Chinese Festival in Profile (1) v As a country with 56 nationalities and a history of well over 5,000 years, China observes a large number of festivals throughout the year. These colorful occasions provid
4、e the Chinese people with opportunities to leave wok behind and to rest and enjoy life. One can not have a panoramic view of the Chinese culture without a thorough understanding of traditional Chinese festival. Chinese Festival in Profile (2) Over the centuries, various kinds of festival have been e
5、stablished in china. these festivals, usually based in one or more legends, bring gaiety and hope to people. So it is not only children who are eager to celebrate these festival ,adults, too, favor these days and find it difficult to suppress their excitement on these special occasions. Since ancien
6、t times the Chinese people have used more than 100 different kinds of calendars, among which the solar calendar and the lunar calendar are the most widely observed. Chinese Festival in Profile (3) According to the solar calendar, a year is divided into 12 months or 365 days, with every fourth year a
7、 leap year of 366 days and the second month of the year (february)29 days. The solar calendar is now in use in almost all countries of the world, including China. After the 1911 revolution, the solar calendar officially replaced the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. The lunar calendar was designed
8、 in close connection with agricultural production, so it is also called the farming calendar in China. Chinese Festival in Profile (4) It has been observed since the Xia Dynasty (21st-16st century B.C.). From the inscriptions on oracle bones we know that the Shang used a lunar calendar, which was co
9、mbined with the solar year though the additional of an intercalary month once every few years, to make up the difference between a year of 12 lunar months and a solar year. The number of days in a month was fixed as 30 for a long month and 29 for a short one. Chinese Festival in Profile (5) The inte
10、rcalary month was at first added at the end of the year as a 13th month , but later inserted in the middle of the year, known as “leap month .” Calendar making has since then gone though many changes and the calculations have become increasingly exact, but the lunar calendar bound to the solar year
11、continued in use for over 3,000 years. Traditional Chinese festivals are by and large based on the lunar calendar. Chinese Festival in Profile(6) Generally speaking, traditional Chinese festivals can be classified into two categories: festivals of the Han people and festivals observed by ethnic mino
12、rity peoples. There are five major festivals celebrated by the Han people, namely, the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Clear and Bright Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Aside from the traditional festivals by the Han people , Chinese ethnic minority peoples
13、 also have their own unique festivities. such as the Mongolians Nadam Fair , Corban, Dai Peoples Water Splashing Festival, and the Tibetan New Year. . Important Chinese Festival Introduction of the important Chinese festivals A simulated practice for tour guide Important Chinese Festival（1） 1、The Sp
14、ring Festival, (Chun Jie) , i.e., the lunar new year ,is commonly regarded as the most important, popular,and vibrant of all traditional Chinese festivals. This grand traditional festival falls in the period between the first and fifteenth day of the first lunar month. This period is an agricultural
15、 off-season; therefore people have more time to conduct various kinds of celebrations. To distinguish the New Year according to the solar calendar from that according to the lunar calendar, people started calling the latter the Spring Festival , because it always falls sometime before or after lichu
16、n (Beginning of Spring）。 Important Chinese Festival （2） Similar to Christmas in Western countries, the Spring Festival is the most celebrated holiday in China. Almost all factories and companies nationwide allow at least a weeks holiday. During the Spring Festival, the Chinese people observe many co
17、lorful customs. Before the eve of the Spring Festival, every family member tries to get back home from every corner of the country to have a sumptuous family reunion dinner. The dinner contains an assortment of savory food, but for most families in North China jiaozi is the main course. As a traditi
18、onal Chinese food, jiaozi is enjoyed by the rich and the poor alike. Today, this well-loved food is as closely associated with the Spring Festival as turkey is with the Thanksgiving in the U.S. Important Chinese Festival （3） 2、The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.
19、 It is celebrated with round dumplings made of glutinous rice flour and filled with a variety of sweet fillings, known as yuanxiao (the night of the first full moon), which is also another name for the festival. 3、The Dragon Boat Festival (Duanwu Jie) falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month.
20、 This festival was established in commemoration of Qu Yuan, a great poet of the third century B.C. For thousands of years , the Dragon Boat Festival has been marked by eating Zongzi and racing dragon boats. Important Chinese Festival (4) 4、The Clear and Bright Festival is the day for mourning the de
21、ad. It falls in early April every year. It corresponds with the onset of warmer weather ,the start of spring plowing, and of family outings. 5、Also known as the “Moon Festival,” the Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month when the moon is supposed to be brighter and
22、fuller than at any other time of the year. In China, the full moon has always represented “tuanyuan” (union), i.e., the gathering of family members. Thus ,it is a time for family reunion. Difficult Words and Expressions (1) Text in here acrobatic performance 杂技表演 agricultural off-season 农闲季节 an asso
23、rtment of 各种各样的 antiquity n. 古代；古人；古代的风 俗 ardent adj. 热情的；炙热的 canoe n. 狭窄的轻舟；独木舟 cassia wine 桂花酒 conjuring n. 魔术 cross talk 相声 elixir n. 万灵丹；长生不老药 firecrackers 爆竹；鞭炮 gaiety n. 愉快；高兴 gala n. 盛典；盛大的庆典 glutinous rice 糯米 grab v. 攫取；抓取 homonymous adj. 同义的 hunch v. 把（身子）弯成弓状 intercalary month 闰月 indulge i
24、n sth 让自己尽情享受某事物 leap year 闰年 motif n. （文艺作品的）主题 motley adj. 杂乱的；杂色的 observe v. 庆祝；过节 Difficult Words and Expressions (2) Text in here oracle bones 占卜用的兽骨 ordeal n. 磨难；苦难的经历 panoramic adj. 全景或全貌的 pastry n. 点心；面粉糕饼 radiant adj. 光芒四射的；光辉灿烂 的 reunion dinner 团圆饭 riddle n. 谜语 savor v. 品尝 savory adj. 美味的；
27、s Region in the seventh lunar mouth. “Nadam” is the Mongolian word for “recreation” or “game”. It was first held by the Mongolians in the Han Dynasty . The Mongolians are a people fond of sports activities. The three main kinds are: horse racing, wrestling, and archery (regarded by the local people
28、as mens three events), which are also the main activities in the fair. Festivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(2) Nadam is also a commodity fair. The Mongolians, wearing their holiday best, come to attend the fair from all over Inner Mongolia. Herdsmen and merchants flood into the fair to sell their pr
29、oducts. Various kinds of commodities including fur- lined jackets, robes, leather boots and gold or silver ornaments are seen here and there. The whole fair is filled with a lively festival atmosphere. Festivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(3) 2、Corban, a festival celebrated by Chinas Muslims, falls o
30、n the tenth day of December in the Islamic calendar. “Corban” is an Arabic word for “sacrifice” or “dedication.” the Chinese version for this word is Zaisheng Jie, that is ,the day to slaughter animals as an offering. On the eve of the festival, families clean their houses thoroughly and get busy pr
31、eparing various kinds of food. On the day ,Muslims bathe, pray, watch the ceremony for sacrificing animals, visit and greet their friends and relatives. Festivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(4) Based on different customs, some ethnic minority peoples have their own distinctive way of celebrating Corb
32、an. The Kazaks, for example, celebrate the festival with such horse riding activities as the“ Sheep Snatching Contest ” and the “Girl Chasing Game”. These exciting festival activities have been known to put Muslims into a sea of merriment. Festivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(5) 3、Dai Peoples Water
33、Splashing Festival, as the most important festival of the Dai people in China, falls on a day in June or July in the Dai calendar . During the festival, the door of every home is decorated with multicolored paper-cuts. All the villagers dress in their holiday best. Sheep and cows are slaughtered for
34、 feasting, plus delicious glutinous rice cakes ,rice noodles, and rice wine. The occasion is marked by a variety of entrainment, including singing and dancing ,fireworks-displaying, boat-racing and exhibiting air- borne lanterns. But the most popular event is still water slashing. Festivals of Ethni
35、c Minority Peoples(6) 4、The Tibetan people long age developed their own astronomical calendar according to the distinctive features of the highland. The Tibetan calendar, which was officially adopted in1027,is a combination of the solar and lunar calendar. According to this calendar , a year is divi
36、ded into 12 months. People in different parts of Tibet do not celebrate the new year on the same day: in Lhasa, for example, the Tibetan New Year falls on the first day of the first month in the Tibetan calendar; in the places south of the Nyanqu rivers it falls on the fist day of the twelfth month;
37、 in Qamdo, it is the first day of the eleventh month. Simulated Practice for tour guides Oral Practice No. 1 Presentation No. 3 Interpretation No. 2 Description of the contents Answer the following questions. Try to say as much as you can. (1) What are the major festivals celebrated by Han people in
38、 China? (2) When is the Spring Festival? What do people do during the Spring Festival? (3) How is zongzi made? (4) Do you know any story about Qu Yuan? What is he famous for? (5) What are the major activities on the Mid-Autumn Festival? (6) Do Tibetan people celebrate their New Year on the same day?
39、 Why or Why not? (7) How do Tibetans pray for good harvests? (8) What are the major activities for the Tibetans New Year? Oral practice1 A simulated practice for tour guide A simulated practice for tour guide Question List 1 （present by students) Oral practice(2): Please simulate the guide of the Ch
40、inas festival to each other and answer the questions you present in the part of Task Lead-in Question List 2 （present by students) Interpretation Translate the following into Chinese . 1 1、那达慕大会是蒙古族传统的盛大节、那达慕大会是蒙古族传统的盛大节 日，每年七八月在牲畜肥壮的季节日，每年七八月在牲畜肥壮的季节 举行。会上主要有摔跤、赛马、射举行。会上主要有摔跤、赛马、射 箭、拔河、歌舞表演及物资交流等箭、
41、拔河、歌舞表演及物资交流等 活动。活动。 2 2、宰牲节是回族的重大节日。每年回、宰牲节是回族的重大节日。每年回 历太阴年历太阴年12 12月月10 10日举行。人们在这一日举行。人们在这一 天都要宰杀一定数量的牲畜，分送天都要宰杀一定数量的牲畜，分送 给周围的人，以表达对珍珠的真诚给周围的人，以表达对珍珠的真诚 信仰。信仰。 3 3、火把节流行于云南、四川部分地区，、火把节流行于云南、四川部分地区， 是彝族、白族的盛大节日。一般在是彝族、白族的盛大节日。一般在 农历农历6 6月月2424日至日至2626日晚上举行。男女日晚上举行。男女 青年身着盛装，披着挂毯，白天饮青年身着盛装，披着挂毯，白
42、天饮 酒请客，举行摔跤、斗牛、射箭、酒请客，举行摔跤、斗牛、射箭、 赛马等活动。夜晚齐集村头、寨边赛马等活动。夜晚齐集村头、寨边 或广场举行篝火晚会，燃起千百只或广场举行篝火晚会，燃起千百只 火把，在田间树丛游行，以驱虫除火把，在田间树丛游行，以驱虫除 害辟邪，祈求幸福健康快乐。害辟邪，祈求幸福健康快乐。 vAnswers: Presentation Choose one of the festivals as a topic to make a presentation in five, ten or fifteen minutes in front of the class. The te
43、acher and other students will make comments on whether you get across the main ideas within the time limits and suggest how the presentation can be improved. Related Materials (1) The ChongYang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month of the Chinese lunar calendar, so it is also known as t
44、he double ninth festival. The festival is hold in the golden season of autumn, at harvest-time. The bright clear weather and the joy of bringing in the harvest make for a festive happy atmosphere. it is usually perfect for outdoor activities. Many people go hiking and climbing in the country, enjoyi
45、ng mother natures final burst of color before she puts on her dull winter cloak. Some will carry a spray of dogwood. Related Materials (2) Since nine is the highest odd digit, people take two of them together to signify longevity. Therefore, the ninth day of the ninth month has become a special day
48、entation Tourist Attractions Chinese Festival in Profile (3) According to the solar calendar, a year is divided into 12 months or 365 days, with every fourth year a leap year of 366 days and the second month of the year (february)29 days. The solar calendar is now in use in almost all countries of t
49、he world, including China. After the 1911 revolution, the solar calendar officially replaced the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. The lunar calendar was designed in close connection with agricultural production, so it is also called the farming calendar in China. Chinese Festival in Profile(6) Ge
50、nerally speaking, traditional Chinese festivals can be classified into two categories: festivals of the Han people and festivals observed by ethnic minority peoples. There are five major festivals celebrated by the Han people, namely, the Spring Festival, the Lantern Festival, the Clear and Bright F
51、estival, the Dragon Boat Festival, and the Mid-Autumn Festival. Aside from the traditional festivals by the Han people , Chinese ethnic minority peoples also have their own unique festivities. such as the Mongolians Nadam Fair , Corban, Dai Peoples Water Splashing Festival, and the Tibetan New Year. . Festivals of Ethnic Minority Peoples(1) 1、The Mongolians Nadam Fair is a traditional festival celebrated in the Inne
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